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日刊 /2026-07-07 / 写作应如 Saltimbocca:让思想跃入读者脑中

写作应如 Saltimbocca:让思想跃入读者脑中

原文 www.paulgraham.com 收录 2026-07-07 15:19 阅读 3 min
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Paul Graham 主张用平实的词汇和简单的句子写作,因为降低阅读摩擦能让读者更专注于思想本身。他类比意大利菜 Saltimbocca(跳入口中),提出写作目标应是 Saltintesta(跳入脑中)。简单写作不仅让非母语读者更容易理解,还能避免用华丽辞藻掩盖空洞内容。文章还指出简单写作更持久,就像木匠打造一把耐用的椅子。Graham 坦言,自己写作简单的主要原因是觉得复杂句子笨拙,而非刻意追求效果。

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§ 1

Write Simply

写作简单

§ 2

I try to write using ordinary words and simple sentences.

That kind of writing is easier to read, and the easier something is to read, the more deeply readers will engage with it. The less energy they expend on your prose, the more they'll have left for your ideas.

And the further they'll read. Most readers' energy tends to flag part way through an article or essay. If the friction of reading is low enough, more keep going till the end.

There's an Italian dish called saltimbocca, which means "leap into the mouth." My goal when writing might be called saltintesta: the ideas leap into your head and you barely notice the words that got them there.

It's too much to hope that writing could ever be pure ideas. You might not even want it to be. But for most writers, most of the time, that's the goal to aim for. The gap between most writing and pure ideas is not filled with poetry.

我试着用普通的词语和简单的句子来写作。

这种写作更容易阅读,而读起来越轻松,读者就会越深入地投入其中。他们在你的文字上花费的精力越少,就会有越多精力留给你的思想。

而且他们会读得更远。大多数读者在读到文章或随笔的中途会感到疲惫。如果阅读的阻力足够小,就会有更多人坚持读到结尾。

有一道意大利菜叫 saltimbocca,意思是“跳入口中”。我写作时的目标或许可以称为 saltintesta:思想跳入你的头脑,而你几乎注意不到那些把它们带进来的词语。

期望写作能成为纯粹的思想未免太过奢望,你甚至可能不希望如此。但对于大多数写作者,在大多数时候,这就是追求的目标。大多数写作与纯粹思想之间的缝隙并非由诗歌填满。

§ 3

Plus it's more considerate to write simply. When you write in a fancy way to impress people, you're making them do extra work just so you can seem cool. It's like trailing a long train behind you that readers have to carry.

And remember, if you're writing in English, that a lot of your readers won't be native English speakers. Their understanding of ideas may be way ahead of their understanding of English. So you can't assume that writing about a difficult topic means you can use difficult words.

此外,简单写作也更为体贴。当你为了给人留下印象而写得花哨时,实际上是让读者做额外的工作,只为了让你看起来很酷。这就像在你身后拖了一条长长的尾巴,而读者必须拖着它前进。

请记住,如果你用英语写作,很多读者并非英语母语者。他们对思想的理解可能远远超过对英语的理解。所以你不能认为讨论一个困难话题就意味着可以使用艰深的词汇。

§ 4

Of course, fancy writing doesn't just conceal ideas. It can also conceal the lack of them. That's why some people write that way, to conceal the fact that they have nothing to say. Whereas writing simply keeps you honest. If you say nothing simply, it will be obvious to everyone, including you.

当然,花哨的写作不仅会掩盖思想,也会掩盖思想的匮乏。这就是为什么有些人那样写作——为了掩盖他们无话可说的事实。而简单写作则让你保持诚实。如果你简单地说了空话,那么每个人——包括你自己——都会一眼看穿。

§ 5

Simple writing also lasts better. People reading your stuff in the future will be in much the same position as people from other countries reading it today. The culture and the language will have changed. It's not vain to care about that, any more than it's vain for a woodworker to build a chair to last.

Indeed, lasting is not merely an accidental quality of chairs, or writing. It's a sign you did a good job.

简单写作也更经久。未来阅读你作品的人,处境与今天来自其他国家的读者类似。文化和语言都会发生变化。关心这一点并非虚荣,就像木匠打造一把耐用的椅子并非虚荣一样。

事实上,持久不仅仅是椅子或写作的偶然品质。它是你干得好的标志。

§ 6

But although these are all real advantages of writing simply, none of them are why I do it. The main reason I write simply is that it offends me not to. When I write a sentence that seems too complicated, or that uses unnecessarily intellectual words, it doesn't seem fancy to me. It seems clumsy.

There are of course times when you want to use a complicated sentence or fancy word for effect. But you should never do it by accident.

The other reason my writing ends up being simple is the way I do it. I write the first draft fast, then spend days editing it, trying to get everything just right. Much of this editing is cutting, and that makes simple writing even simpler.

但尽管这些都是简单写作的真正好处,却都不是我这样做的原因。我简单写作的主要原因是:如果不这样做,我会感到不舒服。当我写了一个过于复杂的句子,或者用了不必要的知识分子式词汇时,我并不会觉得它花哨,而是觉得笨拙。

当然,有时你想用复杂的句子或花哨的词汇来达到某种效果。但你绝不应无意为之。

我的文字最终变得简单的另一个原因是我写作的方式。我快速写完初稿,然后花好几天编辑,力求一切都恰到好处。这些编辑工作很大部分是删减,这使简单的写作变得更加简单。

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